The main brand - nony lubricating oilPay attention to the details of work

一、车用润滑油的主要功能有哪些？

    一、润滑作用

    润滑油在互相运动的金属表面能迅速形成具有一定厚度的油膜，避免了金属的直接接触，从而起到了减少磨损、降低阻力、节约能源的作用。

    二、导热冷却

    润滑油具有良好的流动性，在汽车系统的运动过程中，可冷却各传动件摩擦时产生的热量，吸收了部分引擎（动力冲程）所释放出来的热量，大幅度地降低了摩擦面的温度，，从而降低了机件磨损的速度。

    三、净化机件

    润滑油本身具有超强的清净分散功能，润滑油在机件之间流动时，可将机件表面上的磨屑、污染物、沉积物等冲洗干净，并形成高强度的油膜，从而延长机件的使用寿命。

    四、隔离密封

    润滑油在气缸或活塞壁可形成一定厚度的油膜，能配合活塞形成油封，防止燃烧室气体泄漏，减少动力流失，使引擎发挥最大的动力。

    五、阻尼抗震

    当引擎做功时，活塞梢、连杆的大小端或曲柄轴等各轴部件均要承受因急速压力造成的相当大的撞击力，润滑油可将机械能转变成液压能，油膜可降低接触面所承受的撞击力。

    六、防锈防腐

    润滑油会在机件表面形成吸附油，防止因燃烧产生的水汽、酸性物质等吸附于机件表面，起到保护引擎的作用。

二、汽车用润滑油（剂）有哪些？

    1、 发动机油：主要用于发动机曲轴轴承、连杆轴承、活塞与缸套、凸轮与挺杆润滑

    2、 齿轮油：主要用于汽车后桥、手动变速箱

    3、 刹车油：用于汽车的刹车系统

    4、 润滑脂：用于汽车各轴承的润滑与密封

三、为什么汽车的不同部位要用不同的润滑油？

    因为汽车的不同部位结构和工作原理不同，其润滑方式也不同，所以不同部位要用不同种类的润滑油。例如，发动机中用内燃机油，手动变速箱和差速器中用齿轮油。

四、发动机机油为什么分不同种类？共有几种？

    发动机指汽车的动力源，发动机润滑油，也称内燃机油。由于汽车发动机所用燃料不同，分为汽油发动机和柴油发动机，依据两种燃料的点火方式不同和结构的区别分别设计出汽油机油、柴油机油和汽油柴油发动机通用油。

    根据API的分类标准：

    汽油机油按质量等级分有API SC、SD、SE、SF、SG、SH、SJ、SL等，柴油机油按重量等级分有CC、CD、CF-4、CH-4等。通用机油按质量等机有SD/CC、SF/CD、SF/CE、SG/CF-4、SH/CF-4、SJ/CF-4、SL/CH-4、SL/CI-4、SL/CI-4+。

    汽油机油、柴油机油和通用机油按满足不同季节、不同环境温度条件下使用，按照SAE标准又可分为30、40、50、5W/30、5W/40、5W/50、10W/40、15W/40、20W/50等粘度牌号。五、API其后的字幕代表什么？

    API是美国石油协会的英文缩写，API代表发动机油质量等级的分类，API发动机油分类体系分为二类：

    “S”系列-代表汽油发动机用油，如：SE、SF、SG、SH、SJ、SL等（使用性能和质量等机依次升高）

    S 代表适用于汽油发动机

    J 代表油品的技术级别

          CDEFGHJL

    低                高

   “C”系列-代表柴油发动机用油，如CC、CD、CE、CF-4、CH-4、CI-4等（使用性能和质量等级依次升高）

    C 代表适用于柴油发动机

    F 代表油品的技术级别

          CDEFGHI

    低                高

S和 C同时存在，则表示是汽柴通用机油，如：SF/CD、SG/CE-4等。

六、SAE代表什么？

    SAE是美国汽车工程师协会的英文缩写。

    SAE代表油品粘度等级的分类。例如：SAE30、SAE40等为单级油；SAE10/30、SAE15W/40等为多级油。

    “W”代表动机、低温的意思，W前边的数字越小，表示润滑油在低温时的流动性越好，汽车启动就越容易。而W后边的数字越大，则表明该油在高温使用时（如高速公路上长途驾驶）的粘稠性越好，生成的油膜强度更高，防护作用更佳。

七、什么是多级油？多级油的优点有哪些？

    多级油是指粘度牌号为含“W”，如5W/30、10W/30、10W/40、15W/40的冬夏通用油，如5W/30其高温粘度满足SAE30规格，低温粘度、临界泵送温度可满足5W规格，跨度越大，可使用的温度范围越宽。

    多级油的优点在于使用方便，可以冬夏通用，不必因季节变化更换；有较好的冷启动性能，在较低温度下保证发动机顺利启动；粘温性能好，可减少发动机的动力损耗，比单级油节省2~3%的燃料。

八、如何选用发动机油？

    （一） 根据车型选用不同质量等级

     首先参照“汽车说明书”选定合适的级别，如：桑塔纳、捷达要求至少选用SF级汽油机油，然后根据汽车的具体使用条件作些调整，如：城市出租车常处于停停开开状态，载货车重负荷长距离行驶，空气中灰尘大等原因都会加速机油变质，此时最好选用高一级别的发动机油。

    （二） 根据发动机结构和气候条件选定粘度等级

    首先考虑发动机结构。无论气候条件如何，现代美日发动机均需选用SAE5W/30或10W/30粘度等级的油品，以满足节能需求。

    其次，根据当地气候条件，参照图表选用合适的粘度等级，这样才能保证发动机既能在低温时顺利启动，又能在高温时保证润滑和密封。

    （三） 尽可能选用冬夏通用机油，即多级油。如：20W/40可适宜-20℃至+40℃的温度范围内，可在气候温和的地区一年四季通用。更重要的是：多级油的低温性能和粘温性好，既可以有效减少发动机的磨损，还可节省燃油。值得注意的是柴油卡车尤其是重载柴油卡车，在不存在低温启动问题的情况下时，不要随意选用多级油，否则易引起机油压力报警，既亮红灯现象。

九、不同的汽车为什么要用不同等级的润滑油？

    不同的汽车应按汽车制造商出厂推荐用油说明来选用合适牌号和质量等级的润滑油。这是由于各种车型的汽车发动机设计原理及燃烧（点火方式），所用的燃料不同、发动机气缸工作容积不同、压缩比不同、功率大小不同、机械结构不同等原因，促使不同的汽车要选用不同质量等级和牌号的发动机油。

十、优质机油应具备哪些特性？

    具有良好的稳定性，抗乳化性及抗泡性，低温时具有良好的流动性，高温时能保持油膜厚度从而保护引擎。引擎停止仍然能有良好的油膜附着载引擎机件上，在隔日再发动引擎时不致产生无润滑启动导致机件磨损。能使引擎在启动或高速运转时，减少震动，较少磨损。良好的温度扩散性可有效的降低引擎温度。良好的抗氧化性及抗腐蚀性可以保证机件完好，延长引擎寿命。

十一、为什么要选用正规厂家生产的高品质车用润滑油？

    汽车发动机在高速高温下运转，润滑油尤为重要，它要保证各部件的清洁，减少机件磨损，不腐蚀零件以及减少积炭生成，避免油路堵塞和粘环等。润滑油的这种性能是靠深度精制的基础油和各种性能的润滑油添加剂调和而成。因此，必须选用正规厂家生产的高质量正牌油。

十二、如果混用或不按规定使用机油，会有什么危险？

    如不同质量等级的或不同厂家的软润滑油混用，或者不按规定使用车用油，可能会出现发动机工作不正常、早期磨损、汽车大修时间缩短等危害。

Many devices have a lubricating oil viewer to see the remaining amount and color of lubricating oil. Then can we judge whether the equipment is malfunctioning from the color of the lubricant? If it is the same lubricant, according to the time scale trend, we can analyze and judge the quality change of the lubricant. Because the color change means that its chemical composition has changed or there are pollutants. But the same kind of oil can not judge the quality of its oil only according to its color. The color of lubricating oil is related to its main raw materials, and its color is not directly related to the quality of oil.

base oil

Base oil varies according to processing depth and color. Type I oil appears more pale yellow. However, the base oils of Class II and III after hydrotreating and refining, as well as synthetic oils prepared by chemical methods, such as PAO, ester oils, polyethers, etc., will contain fewer aromatic hydrocarbons and other impurities. Their color will be lighter and they will be as transparent and white as water.

Additive

Additive effect. For example, among the anti-wear hydraulic oils are: viscosity index improvers, extreme pressure and anti-wear agents, antioxidants, antifoaming agents, rust inhibitors, anti-emulsifiers and so on. All these additives have different colors. When additives and base oils are blended, the colour of the lubricants varies, either darker (e.g. brown) or lighter.

Dyeing agent

The influence of dyeing agent. Sometimes a specific dye is added to some lubricants and greases to change their original color. Sometimes the purpose of doing this is to serve as a warning to distinguish other lubricants, sometimes to distinguish different product lines, dyes will not play any role in lubrication protection.

n daily maintenance, have you ever encountered gear oil in the process of using the temperature is extremely high? What is the reason for this phenomenon?

Taking the gear lubrication of closed gearbox as an example, if the factors of the machine itself are not taken into account, the reason for the high temperature may be:

01. The new gear mechanism does not run in well and abrasive wear occurs, which causes the temperature of the tooth surface to rise. At this time, filtering should be strengthened and oil should be changed after running in.

02. High load, oil film rupture, wear and other failure tendencies, resulting in the increase of tooth surface temperature. At this time, oil should be selected correctly according to the load situation, to improve the viscosity level or select extreme pressure gear oil.

03, excessive oil level or excessive viscosity, increase the heat of mixing, heat dissipation is difficult.

04, oil temperature and tooth surface temperature rise simultaneously. At this point, the oil level should be lowered and the suitable low grade oil should be selected.

Some people think that lubricating oil is not toxic, harmful and inflammable. It is very wrong to neglect some necessary work because of its simple storage.

Lubricating oil products are specially prepared for different purposes. If they are stored improperly, deteriorated or contaminated, the result will be that they can not provide the original function, and may even affect the machine parts, which may seriously lead to the paralysis of the machine parts.

Lubricating oil storage should abide by the three sentence: "classified storage, clean environment, eliminate pollution".

How to store lubricating oil

It should not be placed upright in the open air to prevent contamination of water and sundries.

Indoor storage can be placed vertically, and the barrel face is upwards for convenient extraction.

Tighten the sealing cover and keep the oil drum sealed.

Keep the barrel clean and clearly marked.

Keep the floor clean and timely to detect oil leakage.

Register well and go first.

Frequent extraction of oil products, placed on the oil drum rack with switches to control exile;

The new oil is separated from the waste oil. The new container can not be filled with the waste oil, so as to prevent pollution.

How to place lubricating oil safely?

Oil is stored in an independent chamber and no combustible goods should be placed around it.

No pyrotechnics are prohibited, and no fuel can be carried into the oil depot.

Equipped with not less than two fire extinguishers.

After the machine is washed, the oil stains or oil stains must not be accumulated to avoid combustion.

Flammable special oil or chemical solvents are used to separate and store flammable goods.

(1) what is hydraulic oil

Hydraulic medium used in hydraulic system using liquid pressure energy plays an important role in hydraulic system, such as energy transfer, abrasion resistance, system lubrication, corrosion protection, rust prevention and cooling.

(two) characteristics of hydraulic oil

1, prolonging the service life of the equipment

Hydraulic oil can prevent equipment failure due to high heat and chemical reaction, which can help to prolong the maintenance interval of equipment. It can reduce the formation of oil sludge to the maximum extent. This product has excellent performance in the industrial standard ASTM D 943 TOST test (turbine oil oxidation stability test), which can achieve better stability and system cleanliness. In addition, under wet condition, Shell S2 M hydraulic oil has good stability, which can extend the working life of hydraulic oil and reduce the risk of corrosion and rust.

2. Good wear resistance

Shell S2 M hydraulic oil uses high quality anti-wear additives, which can be maintained under all kinds of operation conditions, including low load and extreme high load conditions. The piston and vane pump test of various types, including strict Dennison (Denison) T6C test (dry and wet environment) and harsh vicese (Vickers) 35VQ25 test, Shell Tellus S2 M hydraulic oil have shown outstanding performance, verified the product can help prolong the service life of the components of the system.

3. Ensure the operation efficiency of the equipment

Excellent cleanliness, excellent filtration and excellent water separation, air release and anti foaming properties help to maintain or even improve the efficiency of hydraulic system.

(three) how to measure the pollution of hydraulic oil

1. Determination of solid particulate pollutants.

The particle size, shape and surface characteristics of hydraulic oil pollutants can reflect the types and sources of pollutants. Spectral analysis, X ray spectrum analysis, X ray spectrum analysis and ferrography analysis can be used to identify the composition and content of pollutants. Weighing method, particle counting method or sedimentation index method can also be used to determine.

2. Determination of water content.

The water content of hydraulic oil is usually expressed by percentage or millionth fraction (PPM). Because the boiling point and conductivity constant of water and oil are different, it can be measured by distillation and coulometric method. The accuracy of electric quantity method is higher than 1ppm.

3. Determination of air content.

After the hydraulic oil is mixed with the different air, the turbidity and the bulk modulus of the fluid are different. Therefore, we can use the oil erosion meter method and the oil compression method to determine the air content.

4, through the above analysis and the oil sampling and testing (such as measuring oil viscosity, acid value, flash point, ignition point, density and corrosion index), we can judge whether the hydraulic system should change the oil, so as to ensure the normal operation of the hydraulic system.

Lubricating oil is often seen in our daily life, but because lubricating oil will also have a certain shelf-life, resulting in the deterioration of lubricating oil. How can we solve this problem?

1. Metamorphic characteristics of lube oil

1. The state of darkening and darkening

2, the lubricating oil appears foam more emulsifying state, can use clean fingers to twist some, pinch to see if there is the feeling of particles.

3, if the tools are stained on the white paper, if there are dark brown spots and more black spots, the lubricating oil should be changed. It should not be kept in a fluke psychology, making the machine life shorter, resulting in more economic losses.

Two. How to distinguish the oil from the metamorphic oil

A, take two empty cup, a lubricating oil on a place, filled up slowly tilted, let the oil slowly into the empty cup, this time to pay attention to when the oil flow, if appear fast flow shows that the oil should be changed, and if the oil slowly flow down the this oil can.

B, with a finger dipped in lubricating oil, and then repeatedly rubbing the other fingers to a few, if good oil rubbed up if feel that there are some small particles without lubricant feeling, illustrates this dirty oil inside a lot of things can not be used again, and in the same way to feel it to have no lubrication, those small particles, the oil can be used.

Three. Modification of lubricating oil

Don't worry about the oil deterioration, use the oil filter to carry out the oil purification.

(1) JL series high efficiency impurity removing oil filter

(2) special vacuum oil filter machine for TYA series lubricating oil

(3) special oil filter for removing large water from TYD lubricating oil

(4) BRH series of high precision small flow oil filter, etc.

When lubricating oil is used for a period of time (months, years or even decades), it will gradually deteriorate due to its own oxidation and the influence of external factors during its operation, and its performance should be changed in time when its performance is down or changed.

To determine the change of time

To determine the change in time according to the inspection and evaluation of results; but now the difficulty is still lack a scrap standard of all kinds of oil.

According to the lubricating oil manufacturers and equipment manufacturers recommend, combined with the actual experience of using regular replacement.

The change notice

Do not easily make a decision to change, try to extend the use of oil phase.

We try to combine the overhaul period oil.

Don't waste the oil, such as oil is good, can easily be processed (such as sedimentation, removal of impurities and moisture) or for secondary equipment. The waste oil should be collected so that the pollution of the environment will be retreated and prevented in the future.